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Gulamgiri (Slavery) by Mahatma Jyotiba Phule stands as a revolutionary landmark in the history of Indian social reform literature. Written in 1873, this searing critique of caste discrimination remains one of the boldest indictments of systemic oppression. Phule’s work continues to resonate today, offering an unflinching examination of how religion, mythology, and education were manipulated to legitimise inequality. His commitment to justice, human dignity, and education for all laid the ideological foundations for later anti-caste movements in India.

This review explores the context, content, and lasting impact of Gulamgiri (Slavery) while reflecting on its continuing relevance in contemporary society.

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Understanding the fiscal health of a country is critical to gauging its economic stability and future growth prospects. For India, a closer look at the Debt-to-GDP ratio and fiscal deficit trends across the central and state governments reveals an intricate web of opportunities and challenges. These two metrics are not just numbers—they are vital indicators of economic resilience, fiscal prudence, and growth potential.

This article delves deeper into the nuances of India’s fiscal data for FY 2024-25, providing an exhaustive analysis of the numbers and their implications for policymakers, businesses, and citizens.

What Do Debt-to-GDP and Fiscal Deficit Mean?

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As of October 2024, India is home to over 142 crore people, making it the most populous country in the world. These citizens are distributed across 28 states and 8 Union Territories, each contributing to the country’s incredible diversity. India officially recognises 22 languages under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution, while more than 1,600 dialects are spoken across villages, towns, and cities. Religiously, too, India remains a vibrant mosaic—according to the 2011 Census of India, Hindus make up 79.8% of the population, followed by Muslims (14.2%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.7%), Buddhists (0.7%), and Jains (0.4%).

Yet, beneath this diversity lies one of the oldest and most persistent social frameworks, the caste system. Despite being constitutionally outlawed, caste still plays a powerful role in determining access to resources, representation, and rights. As demands grow for a caste census, many argue that a clearer picture of India’s caste realities is essential to shaping inclusive policies. This article examines the renewed push for a caste census, the limitations of current data, and the arguments both supporting and opposing such an exercise.

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Affirmative action and reservation policies aim to address historical and systemic inequalities by providing opportunities for underrepresented or disadvantaged groups. These policies vary widely across countries, shaped by their unique social, historical, and political contexts. This article explores the diverse approaches to affirmative action around the world, highlighting key similarities, differences, and ongoing debates.

Why are Affirmative Action and Reservation Policies Created?

Affirmative action and reservation policies are designed to counteract the lingering effects of past discrimination and to promote a more equitable society. They target underrepresented groups based on race, ethnicity, caste, gender, or other social factors, offering them better access to education, employment, and political representation. Despite their noble intent, these policies are often contentious, sparking debates over fairness, meritocracy, and social cohesion.

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Studying the Union Budget is crucial for gaining insight into the government’s fiscal strategies and priorities. Comparing the Union Budgets of 2023-24 and 2024-25 unveils significant shifts in central revenue and expenditure allocations, providing a clear indication of the government’s evolving approach to fostering economic stability and growth.

Revenue Sources: A Shift Towards Sustainability

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Imagine this: you inherit a sizable sum from a loved one. Joy and gratitude likely wash over you. But in many countries, this inheritance comes with a financial sting – inheritance tax. India, however, stands out as a nation without such a levy. Should this change? Let’s delve into the potential advantages and disadvantages of implementing an inheritance tax system in India, drawing comparisons to how other countries handle this complex issue.

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Details

• Dates: 21-23 Sept 2020
• Issue Size: ₹2,244 Cr
• Offer for Sale: ₹2,244 Cr (Entire  100% of the issue)
• Price Band: ₹1229-1230
• Post issue market capitalisation: ₹ 5,993 Cr – 5,997 Cr
• Market Lot: 12 Shares amounting to ₹14,760
• Promoter Holding Pre IPO: 43.50%
• Promoter Holding Post IPO: 30.98%
• IPO Listing At BSE

Objectives of the Issue

• To carry out the Offer for Sale of up to 18,246,600 Equity Shares by the Selling Shareholders
• Achieve the benefits of listing the Equity Shares

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Details

• Dates: 21-23 Sept 2020
• Issue Size: ₹318 Cr
• Offer for Sale: ₹153 Cr (Around 48% of the issue)
• Fresh Issue: ₹165 Cr (Around 52% of the issue)
• Price Band: ₹338-340
• Post issue market capitalisation: ₹1,238 Cr – 1,245 Cr
• Market Lot: 44 Shares amounting to ₹14,960
• Promoter Holding Pre IPO: 100%
• Promoter Holding Post IPO: 87.72%
• IPO Listing At BSE, NSE

Objectives of the Issue

• To meet capital expenditures for expansion of manufacturing facility
• To meet business working capital requirements
• To meet general corporate purpose

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Details

• Dates: 9-11 Sept 2020
• Issue Size: ₹600 Cr
• Offer for Sale: ₹360 Cr (Around 60% of the issue)
• Fresh Issue: ₹240 Cr (Around 40% of the issue)
• Price Band: ₹345-350
• Post issue market capitalisation: ₹1,962 Cr – 1,990 Cr
• Market Lot: 40 Shares amounting to ₹14,000
• Promoter Holding Pre IPO: 96%
• Promoter Holding Post IPO: 66.33%
• IPO Listing At BSE, NSE
• Around ₹180 Cr raised from 15 anchor investors. For the complete list of anchor investors click here

Objectives of the Issue

• Repayment/prepayment in full or part, of certain borrowings of the company
• Acquisition and other strategic initiatives
• Purchase of office premises in Mumbai
• General Corporate Purposes

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